Scope of Sustainable Business Marketing Click Now to Get Solution

Questoin: Discuss the scope of sustainability, comparative advantage and ethical and social responsibilities? Answer: Introduction about Sustainability Businesses are required to market their products and services with a view to create awareness within their target customers for the products and services as offered by them. But in relation to such marketing of products and services, an important concept that has emerged significantly is the sustainability concept. Sustainability in the marketing is defined as a process which involves the promotion of products and services in a manner that has favourable impact on the society and environment at large. Sustainability by itself is defined as a concept that suggests the conservation or utilisation of resources in a manner that has positive level of impact on the environment. The resources are utilised in a manner that accounts for their preservation for the future generation of people. It is therefore responsible way of undertaking business activities aimed at satisfying the needs and expectations of large number of stakeholders of the organisation (Sahay, 2006). In addition to this, th e sustainability practice needs to be incorporated in respect to the marketing practice so that the best possible value can be provided to customers. The customers have the right to get accessibility to best possible information and this requires practising sustainability in the process. This report is focused towards analysing the scope of sustainability with emphasis on the potential of sustainable marketing in particular. The analysis also focuses on the themes and principles of sustainable marketing including the risks and challenges of sustainable marketing. An analysis of the comparative advantage from sustainability marketing is also carried out, and the framework for sustainability marketing. The importance of sustainably pricing the products and services will also be assessed in this report. Finally, the role of ethical and social responsibilities in relation to sustainable marketing and the implication of social media would be discussed. Scope of Sustainability In respect to the scope of sustainability is concerned, an analysis indicates that sustainability has huge potential of scope in respect to all the fields. This is mainly because sustainability forces on responsible development of activities and this particular factor enhances its scope for acceptability with large stakeholders. Sustainability in marketing also has huge scope because the adaptation of sustainable business practices in marketing would lead to positive and favourable attitude of customers towards such business. The scope of sustainability especially in respect to marketing is available because there has been increasing number of fraudulent practices undertaken by marketers such as deceptive marketing with a view to target their customers efficiently. An analysis of the history of sustainability indicates that this concept was identified for the first time in a German forestry manual in 1700s. However, the concept has witnessed significant amount of development since th en which resulted into the higher level of practice of this concept by modern day businesses (The complex history of sustainability timeline, 2009). The scope of sustainability in respect to the field of marketing is significantly higher. This is evident from the fact that companies are marketing their products and services in the 21st century by reflecting the negative features associated with it. This indicates that there has been positive level of approach being undertaken by companies in the 21st century because they have realised the importance of marketing in a sustainable way. The importance of disclosing true and complete information about the products and services is essential and this attitude and approach towards sustainable marketing shows that the focus has been clear that companies are aimed to remain sustainable. Thus, there has been significant level of scope available in respect to sustainable marketing. Potential of Sustainable Marketing This section of analysis is now aimed at evaluating the potential of sustainable marketing and there would be the consideration of relevant examples in analysing such potential. As sustainability is concerned with the responsible usage of resources, it is essential for businesses that they should focus on adapting responsible practices that are environmental friendly and results into the positive support of the welfare and development of community at large. Marketing in a sustainable way implies the undertaking of promotions of companys products in a manner that is safe and aimed at educating the true aspects or values that the product delivers. Sustainable marketing is therefore the efforts placed by markers in marketing their products and services offerings with a view to educate the actual benefits of the products, and encouraging sustainable consumption of the same (Visser, Matten, Pohl and Tolhurst, 2010). In respect to the future of such sustainability marketing concept, it can be regarded as highly positive because of its higher level of relevance within modern day organisations. There has been increasing number of organisations that have started considering the applicability of this concept in performing their business practices and processes. Marketing in a sustainable way is considered by businesses by way of even promoting their negative aspects of business performance. This has been a strategic move by businesses whereby they showcase their positive as well as negative aspects with a view to educate their customers for the same. The marketing is done for negative performances as well so that its stakeholders can be educated with respect to the companys overall performance. This shows a positive future for the adaptation of sustainable practices by businesses in future, as their current marketing performances shows that they do not hesitate in showing their negative performance a reas (Idowu and Filhom, 2008). An analysis of businesses indicates that there is large number of businesses across the world that has already adopted this concept of sustainability in marketing their business practices. They have identified the importance of sustainability which has encouraged them in practising this concept to a higher level. As for example, there are businesses that have focused towards developing products that contributes towards sustainability brand image to their overall performance. Examples of such products include eco-friendly cars, passive houses, fair trade products, products supported on solar power and many more. The products itself are sustainable and their marketing is also considered in a sustainable way. The resulting impact is therefore the increasing acceptability within customers for such sustainable products and services and this is an indicator of their positive level of performance in future. A product by Toyota known as Toyota Prius is the most efficient example of marketing in a sustainable manner (Ottman, 2011). Procter and Gamble (PG) is also an important multinational company that has considered the adaptation of this approach to sustainable marketing. The company has adopted this approach by way of integrating the concept of sustainability across different faces of its product life cycle chain. In addition to this, practices such as packaging of products and services, supply chain management, and also the RD practices as undertaken by the company are aimed at improving its sustainability performance, and they are aimed at creating an image that could lead to its favourable recognition as the green company. The products as developed by PG are marketed as environmental friendly and they have minimal or no impact on the environment. The emphasis is completely placed on sustainable marketing by the company (Marketing Principles for Sustainable Businesses, 2010). Themes and Principles of Sustainable Marketing The important themes and principles of sustainability marketing are analysed in this particular section of analysis. The importance would also be given in analysing the surprising, inspirational and challenges factor associated with such concept of sustainable marketing in particular. The key theme in the entire concept of sustainability marketing as analysed is that the concept focuses highly on the performance of ecosystems. It emphasises on taking activities efficiently so that entire stakeholders of the organisation gets benefitted out of it. The marketing processes of businesses can be regarded as sustainable if the focus has been on educating customers fairly about the products of the company without the intention of deceiving them. Apart from this, the principle of sustainable marketing suggests that it is focused more on the green factor, as the businesses focuses on achieving green environmental performance. The inclusion of green practices not only allows the organisation i n becoming sustainable, but it also allows them in remaining accountable to the community and society in which they operate. Apart from this, adaptation of green and sustainable practices also results into charging of fair prices by organisations from their customers. Overall, sustainability principles suggest that they are concerned with the development and welfare of society, community, environment and customers. An analysis of the important factors related to sustainability marketing is performed as follows (Chhabra, 2010). Surprising Aspects of Sustainability Marketing: The surprising aspect in relation to the application of concept of sustainable marketing implies that it is mainly the disclosure of negative performances that companies have to perform. Although there is a requirement for disclosing the negative aspect associated with companys performance, yet this practice ensures the positive attainment of organisational goals and allows the opportunity of attaining competitive advantage in particular. The surprising aspect from this concept is that it requires disclosure of practices such as green house gas emissions performed by the organisation, the vulnerabilities to their employees in performing their roles and responsibilities, and also the areas of negative performance. The importance of making disclosure of such of negative aspects is crucial in achieving sustainable marketing. As for example, tobacco selling companies clearly promotes that tobacco consumption is injurious to health, and this has been the most surprising aspect related to this concept of sustainability marketing (Brockett and Rezaee, 2012). Inspirational Aspect of Sustainability Marketing: This concept of sustainable marketing is also inspirational from a number of perspectives. As for instance, the most inspirational aspect associated with this concept is that the companies that have adverse impact on the performance of environment are also considering the application of this particular concept in their business practices. As for example, oil and gas companies have adverse impact on the performance of environment because the performance of their business activities and processes has direct impact on the environment in terms of emission of hazardous gases. However, the most inspirational aspect associated with such practice is that these oil and gas companies also discloses their negative performance of emitting hazardous gases as a part of their sustainability marketing initiative (Dato-on, 2014). Challenging Aspect of Sustainability Marketing: In terms of challenging aspect of sustainability marketing, the most challenging is to make every organisation in adapting this practice. Although there has been higher level of acceptance within businesses regarding this concept, yet it has been analysed that the concept of sustainability marketing requires the disclosure of performance activities that have direct impact on environment. Thus persuading businesses to adapt this approach of marketing has been a major challenging factor. These aspects are crucial and a detailed consideration would allow businesses in achieving competitiveness in respect to their performance (Blewitt, 2012). Risk and Challenges of Sustainable Marketing In considering this practice of sustainability marketing, there are certain major risks and challenges that are also evident. As for instance, the major risk of sustainability marketing is that its inefficient consideration would result into the negative image to the organisation. The disclosure of negative performance areas to a higher level would also risk the performance of the organisation, and this could therefore impact the overall sustainability of the organisation in long run. Thirdly, the challenging aspect with sustainability marketing concept is that it requires huge costs to be incurred by the company in achieving sustainable performance so that it can be disclosed in their sustainability report. Thus, it becomes difficult for the smaller firms to achieve sustainability performance (Doppelt, 2003). Comparative Advantage Comparative advantage is the advantage achieved by a firm over others. The consideration of this sustainability practice is likely to allow the organisation in achieving comparative advantage over others, and the most likely reason supporting this fact is that there has been higher preference within customers for the companys products that ensures the performance of sustainable processes in their business practices (Dunphy, 2000). Framework of Sustainable Marketing Based on the analysis of the concept of sustainability marketing, a framework has been considered appropriate and a study as conduced by Crittenden, Ferrell and Pinney (2010) indicated an important framework as follows: The above framework of the sustainability marketing is a market oriented model in achieving sustainability. Ethical and Social Responsibilities Ethical values are highly important to an organisation because they determined the morality in respect to the organisations approaches in performing activities. Ethical and social responsibilities of an organisation in relation to marketing of their products are that they should clearly provide the message about their products to their final consumers without deceiving the audience. They should introduce all the information with respect to their products and services to their consumers so that final decisions can be undertaken by them in an efficient manner. Sustainability marketing also emphasises businesses to act in a responsible manner not only towards their customers but it also emphasises ethics towards the society at large. It is therefore the ethical and social responsibility of an organisation to act in the interest of the public and sustainable marketing in an important way in achieving this (Gonzalez-Perez and Leonard, L. 2013). Improvement Methods in Supply Chain and Sustainable Pricing of Products Supply chain is another important consideration that needs be made in performing the sustainable marketing of products and services. It is highly essential that supply chain should be sustainable enough so that the real value of sustainable marketing can be achieved. In addition to this, sustainable pricing is also an important factor that must be considered in marketing the products and services into a sustainable manner. The prices should be reasonable for the products and services so that they accounts for offering value to the final consumers and thereby maintains a sustainable image of the entire organisation. In respect to the existence of relationship between supply chain and sustainable marketing, it can be analysed that there exists positive relationship. This is mainly because the parties involved in the supply chain are crucial in achieving operational efficiency. Sustainable marketing is all about providing true and fair view of the performance of an organisation and also its products and services. In this relation, it is essential that the supply chain partners should also adapt a sustainable approach so that the overall image of the products as offered by the company can be improved. The resulting impact would be better possibility of marketing it in a sustainable manner. Apart from the above, supply chain and sustainable pricing of product also involves positive level of relationship. As for instance, the efficiency in the supply chain allows effectiveness, and the benefit of which can be utilised by companies in improving their offerings to customers. Such efficiency would enhance organisations processes and they in turn would enable them to market in a sustainable manner. The attainment of cost efficiency in the process and positive level of contribution by all the members in the supply chain would reduce the potential that the company would charge higher prices for its offerings. The reasonable pricing for its products also allows them in meeting out their customer needs positively through encouraging sustainable marketing practice. Social Media Technology has a crucial role to play in every major domains and in respect to sustainability marketing, the implication of this technological factor is crucial. The marketing functions can be positively carried out by way of making use of technology. Technological application can be possible in marketing by way of digital media as this digital medial allows for reaching wide range of target audiences effectively. The significance of digital media is therefore higher in performing the marketing process. This digital media is available in the form of social media such as the use of Facebook, Twitter etc and these could be utilised in promoting the use of sustainability in the marketing practices by businesses. As the digital media allows for easy accessibility to wide audience, the promotion of sustainable marketing could be performed efficiently across target audiences (Hawkes, 2001). Conclusion In this report, a critical assessment has been carried out in respect to the concept of sustainability marketing and its principles and themes associated with it. The performance of analysis revealed findings that sustainability marketing is a process of marketing organisations activities with a view to ensure fair education of customers regarding the products and services that are offered by the company. The analysis indicated about different important themes of sustainability marketing, and also highlighted about the inspirational and challenging aspects associated with such concept. On the basis of analysis as carried out, it is also evaluated that there are risks and challenges associated with the concept of sustainable marketing, and the possibility of attaining comparative advantage is higher. Finally, the role of social media has been identified as significant in promoting sustainable marketing practices within businesses. References Brockett, A. and Rezaee, Z. (2012), Corporate Sustainability: Integrating Performance and Reporting, John Wiley Sons. Blewitt, J. (2012), Understanding Sustainable Development, Routledge. Crittenden, V.L., Crittenden, W.F., Ferrell, L. and Pinney, C.C. (2011), Market-oriented sustainability: a conceptual framework and propositions, International Journal of Academic Marketing Science, Vol. 39, pp. 71-85. Chhabra, D. (2010), Sustainable Marketing of Cultural and Heritage Tourism, Routledge. Doppelt, B. (2003). Leading Change Towards Sustainability: A Change Management Guide. Greenleaf Publishing. Pp. 169. Dunphy, D. C. (2000). Sustainability: The Corporate Challenge of the 21st Century. Allen Unwin. Pp. 19. Dato-on, M.C. (2014), The Sustainable Global Marketplace: Proceedings of the 2011 Academy of Marketing Science (AMS) Annual Conference, Springer. Gonzalez-Perez, M. and Leonard, L. (2013), International Business, Sustainability and Corporate Social Responsibility, Emerald Group Publishing. Hawkes, J. (2001). The fourth pillar of sustainability: culture's essential role in public planning. Common Ground. Pp. 25. Idowu, S.O. and Filhom, W.L. (2008), Global Practices of Corporate Social Responsibility, Springer. Marketing Principles for Sustainable Businesses, (2010) [Online]. Available at: https://www.sus-bus.com/green-marketing-in-sustainable-business/ [Accessed: 20 March 2015]. Ottman, J. (2011). Toyotas Prius: Different Strokes for Different Folks [Online]. Available at: https://www.greenmarketing.com/blog/comments/toyotas-prius-different-strokes-for-different-folks/ [Accessed: 20 March 2015]. Sahay, B.S. (2006), Green Business, Allied Publishers. The complex history of sustainability timeline, (2009) [Online]. Available at: https://sustainabilityreloaded.wordpress.com/2009/02/18/the-complex-history-of-sustainability-timeline/ [Accessed: 20 March 2015]. Visser, W., Matten, D., Pohl, M. and Tolhurst, N. (2010), The A to Z of Corporate Social Responsibility, 2nd ed., John Wiley Sons.

Marketing Management Hmv free essay sample

Aimed Saber Music Submission Deadline 19th December 2012 Introduction HEM which stands for HIS Masters Voice Is a British entertainment company which mainly known as a recording label. Currently the company has operations In 4 countries united Kingdom, Ireland, Hong Kong, Singapore; and they have 273 stores in all over these 4 countries. The company is also a public limited company listed on the London Stock Exchange.In the early day the company used to only sell albums ND sign artists the now the company had to change themselves in order to compete with the fast moving world. So, now the company has an e-tailing site where they and sort of entertainment goods starting from smart phones, pod, pad, speakers headphones, games, DVD movies, Blur-ray and everything. The site also allows their customers to buy music online and download games. The company also provides tickets to the customers for shows all over the United Kingdom, so the HEM customers are easily getting what they want on the companys website. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Management Hmv or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Recently they launched under their The Studs section where they sell clothing and accessories. They also sell books and poster. So the company sells various kinds of product under one name. Background The first HEM store was opened in Oxford Street in 1921. In their logo the dogs name is Nipper is listening to His Masters voice over the gramophone. In 1966 the small HEM store started expansion as it was getting popular, and after ten year with thirty five HEM stores it was the largest music retailer in the united Kingdom.The company had operations in Australia, United States of America, Japan and India. Some of them were closed and others were bought by other music company. Due to huge implosion the company could not survive In these countries. This 90 year old companys motto Is to bring the artist and the customers closer. SOOT analysis is a marketing research method which helps an organization to evaluate its Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat. A SOOT analysis can be carried out for a product, place or person. It also involves identifying the objective of business or a project.It identifies the external and internal factors of a business Inch can be favorable or unfavorable to attain the objectives. * Strength -A companys specialty which will give them competitive advantage. Meanness A company decline sector which cost the company to have a disadvantage in the competition. * Opportunity External chance to improve the * Threats External elements in the environment which can cause company. Damage to the company. HEM Strength: * Extensive market presence: The first HEM store was opened in 1921 at 363 Oxford Street, London.Since then till now HEM has gone on to open 200 stores all over I-J and approximately 20 live entertainment venues and festival. (http:// NNW. Humorous. Com/about-us/facts-and-figures. Asps) This activity enables them to eve a major marketing advantage. They have one step solution for music lovers; all of their stores are located in prime shopping district which means more human traffic. They provide physical outlet for giving preview on upcoming Cads and movies. * Established entertainment brand: Since HEM was one of the first label company, they are very well established in the music industry.Famous artiste/bands like rolling stones, Battles have recorded labels with HEM and all this bands are at top level in the music industry. Because of this they can allow consumers to get badge autographed by celebrities. Meanness: Lack k marketing: If there is no brand awareness then consumer will not be encouraged to consume Hams product. * Locations: they have a very limited location because the only focuses on prime shopping areas. Opportunity . * Key developments: They mainly need to focus on movies and music, as it is their main sector.More growth in books and gaming sector. Due to stiff completion in the advertising allows consumers to take note of the brand name. They should open more physical outlet around I-J, currently they only focus on the prime shopping district, but this is causing them to lose market in other areas. Growth in Auks Ameliorating: In 21st century people are more comfortable consuming goods in online. Every few people now a day actually go to the store and buy goods, other competitors of HEM are following e-commerce and they are way ahead of HEM in online retailing.To get their market back they need to get into Auks online retailing thoroughly. Threats: * Rising man power costs Hams lack of technological innovation is causing them to keep more employers for service where as these type of services can be done easily with technology in a very cheap cost too. HEM is losing half of their income by eying employers * Highly competitive markets- companys like Sony music and Virgin music are taking over Hams market very easily, they are giving offers to the artist which HEM cant because they dont enough financial support.Segmentation, Targeting, Positioning (STEP) iris strategy is for the organization to help them to present or bring their product or services to the customers in a much sophisticated manner. Segmentation: Segmentations objective is to break the market into components, regroup into market segments and finally select which segment is to target. Targeting: Organization or rim targets a certain kind of group of people, or which kind of customers uses their product or service more often. Targeting helps to reach those customers mind by giving them what they need specifically.Positioning: Position is the primary component of the STEP strategy, or the theory of the positioning can be based on the science of perceptual strategy. This system concern how the product or services will be presented to the customers, how they should advertise or promote their product, so that the customer wont buy from their competitors. As for HEM, they have managed to carefully design their segmentation. Now they have 328 stores worldwide and an e-tailing site, which means their products are easily accessible.The HEM should target a specific market of the young generation such like as age group of 15-25 years old. This group of people is the most frequent buyers of the HEM services. Well, basically HEM is a record label company so they should prioritize on music other than their other services. So, they should open up a new website only for their music lovers, for example hummuss. Co. UK this will help them to sort out the music customers and the customers for their other products, so he customers buying music can easily see whats new and which one the blockbuster.Promoting their service, HEM should try more to advertise or promote their music package via backbone, as now everyone uses backbone. They should keep loyalty this is how they can keep the customers away from the competitors, for example, if HEM gives away offer like if a customer is a member, for every transaction they will earn points, and at the end the month for the points they have stored, they can download music for free. As no one else is offering this kind of offers, the customers will eventually come to HEM music to buy their music.But for this kind of promotion, effective positioning is needed to be done. People will not know about the offer if the word is not put inside their mind. So, HEM needs to advertise via radio, television, billboards. In this case HEM can put stands or Boss on every corner of the busiest streets in the United Kingdom and promote and explain their offer to the people. For successful marketing STEP strategy, this music company needs a separate Infinite for music, as selling everything under one roof is very congested and people Nail get confused.

What Attitudes, Beliefs, and Assumptions Correlate with Individual Support for Hate Crimes Directed at the Muslim Community Post September 11, 2001

Introduction Following the attacks of September 11, 2001, Muslims have become victims of hate crimes because of the attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions that link them to terrorism. According to various academic research publications, counter terrorist groups and other Muslim groups including the Metropolitan police, there were about 962 Islamophobic offenses in London in early 2009 (Umbreit, Lewis, Burns, 2003).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What Attitudes, Beliefs, and Assumptions Correlate with Individual Support for Hate Crimes Directed at the Muslim Community Post September 11, 2001? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Prior research indicates that Americans perceive Muslims negatively because the media consistently associates Muslims with the violent activities of terrorism and other civil wars in the Middle East region (Lambert Githens-Mazer, 2010). The consistent association of Muslims with viole nt acts and terrorism has led development of stereotypes among Americans, which portray Muslims as people who do not value human dignity and peace (Umbreit, Lewis, Burns, 2003). Thus, the media influences how Americans perceive Muslims and consequently commit hate crimes. Therefore, this research paper will discuss and analyze various beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that make individuals to support hate crimes directed at the Muslim community. Furthermore, the paper will discuss how the media shapes beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions about Muslims and terrorism, and thus causes Americans to conduct hate crimes against Muslims. Problem or Objective The main objective of this research paper is to assess and analyze some of the attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions that make Americans and other groups to associate the Muslim community with violence and terrorism. Moreover, the paper aims at analyzing how the media influence perceptions of Muslims among Americans by linking Muslims with acts of violence and terrorism, which normally emanate from the Middle East. To come up with a comprehensive report, the paper will discuss and give some examples of hate crimes and terrorist activities that have happened in the Middle East and America after the September 11, 2001. In this view, the paper will analyze how Americans perceive Muslims in relation to terrorism and hate crimes. To elucidate the relationship between hate crimes and terrorism, the paper will use survey as research design. The study will administer questionnaires to various Americans to provide information about their beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions in relation to Muslims and their association with terrorism and hate crimes. Various theories of hate crime and terrorism indicate that political violence and acts of terrorism are very common in the Middle East (Bonino, 2012). Hence, it is evident that terrorism and hate crimes are common in the Middle East. Literature Review According to British large st mainstream Muslim organization, there have been Islamophobic attacks and hate crime against the Muslim community, which have been increasing as evidenced by constant assaults on Muslims and vandalisms of mosques (Lambert Githens-Mazer, 2010).Advertising Looking for research paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Although there has been an increase in the number of hate crimes and violence, it is clear from various previous researches that very few of these acts have been reported to the police (Lambert Githens-Mazer, 2010). According to the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB), the minority Muslim community is 42 times more likely to be a victim Terrorism Act than other minorities (McCorkell, 2011). In April 2009, 762 Islamophobic offenses were reported to the Metropolitan Police in London when compared to the 333 offenses that were reported at 2010/2011 (McCorkell, 2011). Furthermore, reports from two police of ficers in the United Kingdom indicate that around 1,200 anti-Muslim crimes were reported in 2010, while only 546 anti-Semitic crimes were reported in the same year (Lambert Githens-Mazer, 2010). Since the cases of hate crimes reported among Muslims are high, it indicates that they experience high rates of hate crimes. The cases of hate crimes are not only common among adult people, but also common among children. According to Sandoval, Lysiak, Scharpiro (2011), a fellow student beat a 13-year-old Muslim girl because she was wearing a headscarf, which he and his classmates believed to be a sign of terrorism. According to Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), about 1,700 cases of hate crimes against Muslims were reported in the year 2002 (Lambert Githens-Mazer, 2010). The cases of hate crimes in American are higher than in the United States, which means that Americans perceive Muslims as terrorists, and thus direct hate crimes at them. Ample evidence shows that the increase in cas es of hate crimes against Muslims has been due to negative stereotypes of Muslims in the media, especially among the communities of Muslims in the Middle East (Craig-Henderson, Brown-Sims, 2004).). In some social places such as schools, markets, buses, planes, and even political meetings, hate crimes and negative attitudes towards Muslims are usually very common (Bayoumi, 2011). This means that Muslims are not safe in social places because they are prone to hate crimes against them. Although hate crimes against Muslims emanate from terrorist activities such as September 11, 2001, propaganda spread by the media has continued to paint Muslims negatively. According to the FBI report, in 2010 and 2011, hate crimes against Muslims increased up to 50% due to the anti-Muslim propaganda (Lambert Githens-Mazer, 2010). This shows that there is less reporting of hate crimes by the public to the police. Other studies estimate that the real number of Muslims who are victims of hate crimes rang e from 3,000 to 5,000 (Lambert Githens-Mazer, 2010; Falcone, 2006). Although cases of hate crimes reported increase, Muslims still have some reservations as they claim that Christians perceive their struggles against hate crimes as a means of enhancing their dominance (Lambert Githens-Mazer, 2010). In this view, the Muslim community usually fears reporting hate crime to the police because most of them are Christians.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on What Attitudes, Beliefs, and Assumptions Correlate with Individual Support for Hate Crimes Directed at the Muslim Community Post September 11, 2001? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The social media has a significant influence on beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions, which associate Muslims with terrorism. The negative publicity of Muslims has compelled Muslims to come out and defend their religion strongly in a bid to dissociate themselves from terrorism an d acts of violence (Love, 2009). One incident that illustrates the prevalence of hate crimes against Muslims is in the report of the Niagara Regional Police, where a 16-year-old girl was charged for assaulting a 17-year-old Muslim girl on her way from the Mosque (Carr, 2011). The incident is not an isolated case because hate crimes are common in Canada. Owing to the prevalence of hate crimes in the United Kingdom, campaigns against hate crimes have aided in reducing their occurrence. The murder of Fusilier Lee Rigby in Woolwich did pave the way for massive campaigns against hate crimes (Tasker, 2012). Hence, Muslims hope that the campaigns would help in reversing the trends of hate crimes against them. Research Questions What are the attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions that correlate with individual support for hate crimes directed at the Muslim community post September 11, 2001? How does the media shape perceptions of Americans about Muslims and makes them to commit hate crimes? Subject for Study In this research paper, the subjects of study are students in schools and a few adults present in social gatherings. The study aims to collect beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that Americans has regarding hate crimes directed at Muslims in various schools and other social gatherings. The victims of hate crimes are important in the study because they provide firsthand experience of hate crimes (Zahedi, 2011). In this view, the study will also target students who are victims of hate crimes. Students and members of general experience are important subjects of study because they have at least witnessed cases of hate crimes in social gatherings. As the study deals with human subjects, the study will administer informed consent in compliance with ethical principles of research (Ahmad, 2004). Moreover, the study will guarantee confidentiality of the information obtained from participants. Given that hate crimes is a sensitive issue among people, the study will approach participants professionally with great caution lest some get angry and vent their frustrations on researchers. Measurement Since the study is a correlational study, it seeks to establish the existence of correlation between two different variables. One variable comprises of social factors that make Americans to support hate crimes against Muslims. These social factors are beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions, which tend to associate Muslims with terrorism and acts of violence. The second variable is the prevalence of hate crimes against Muslims.Advertising Looking for research paper on criminology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More From the literature review, it is evident that the Muslim community fears reporting hate crimes committed towards them, since the police rarely take them seriously (Kwan, 2008). Thus, the study will establish the prevalence of hate crimes among Muslims with the objective of correlating them with the social factors that contribute to their occurrence among Muslims. Methodology The study will use metaanalysis and survey as research designs. Metaanalysis will aid in the analysis of secondary data from various sources. In the collection secondary data, the FBI’s hate crime reports will provide valuable information and statistics relating to hate crime against Muslims. Besides the FBI’s reports, Muslim websites will also provide data that depict the prevalence of hate crimes against Muslims. Additionally, the study will collect primary data using survey administered to the participants. The study expects participants to provide their beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions rega rding the relationship between Muslims and terrorism. The questionnaire that the study will employ in conducting the survey has the following questions: In your opinion, what do you think has led to the increase in cases of hate crimes and violent activities? Have you been involved in any hate crime act in the last six months? In your opinion, who should bear the blame for hate crime and terrorism? How can you rate the level of terrorism and violent activities taking place in the Middle East? How do the Americans conduct hate crimes against the Muslim community? Do you think the Muslims are responsible for current activities of terrorists as the media claim? What is your attitude and belief towards the Muslim community? Analysis The literature review indicates that there is a close association between Muslims and terrorism. Following the events of September 11, 2001, Americans started to associate Muslims with terrorism, which provided a platform for the media to spread beliefs, a ttitudes, and assumptions that paints Muslims negatively (Choudhury, Fenwick, 2011). In this view, the study hypothesizes that Americans have a negative perspective about Muslims because the media constantly portrays violent acts of terrorism and civil wars within the Middle East, and thus making Americans to associate violence and terrorism with Muslims. Hence, the study will analyze data collected from the survey to establish if beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that Americans have about Muslims relate to the support of hate crimes. It is expected that beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that perceive Muslims negatively in relation to terrorism contribute to the hate crimes. On contrast, presence of beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that perceive Muslims positively in relation to terrorism reduces the occurrence of hate crimes. Thus, the survey will provide beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions of Americans, and so give social factors that make them commit hate crimes against M uslims. Moreover, the research will examine secondary sources with a view of obtaining statistics about the prevalence of hate crimes against Muslims in various parts of the world. The prevalence of hate crimes is important because it depicts the gravity of the crime and experiences that Muslims undergo. Given that many cases of hate crimes are unreported due to negligence on the part of the authorities and criminal justice system, FBI’s statistics are essential for analysis of prevalence of hate crimes. Sandoval, Lysiak, and Scharpiro (2011) reports that the girl endured hate crimes for a long period because school officials ignored her when she reported. Hence, the analysis of secondary sources to establish the actual prevalence of hate crimes against Muslims is necessary in the study of hate crimes. The study will also seek to associate the negative publicity of Muslims with hate crimes. In this view, the study with an attempt to correlate the presence of social factors su ch as beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions with the prevalence of hate crimes. The study assumes that the media shapes beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that associate Muslims with terrorism. Essentially, what makes Americans to commit hate crimes against Muslims emanate from the beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that the media has imposed on them. Portrayal of the Muslims as potential terrorists has compelled them not to report cases of hate crimes that they experience. The negative portrayal of Muslims has led them shy away from reporting any form of hate crimes committed against them because they fear the police would not listen to them (Phillips, Moore, 2009). Moreover, the constant negative publicity of Muslims creates stereotypes that make them vulnerable to hate crimes in wherever they work or travel. Therefore, analysis of the roles that media play in influence beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions is essential. Conclusion From the research paper, it is clear that the nega tive attitudes and beliefs that the Americans have against the Muslims are to some extent supported by the way the media associate the Muslim community with violence and terrorism. Additionally, from the paper, it is evident that despite the prevalence of hate crimes in the Muslim community, Muslims do not report them because they are afraid that the police would ignore. Therefore, the paper suggests that to reduce hate crimes directed at Muslims, the criminal justice system should focus on creating a peaceful relationship between the Muslims and the Americans. Given that the media shapes the beliefs, attitudes, and assumptions that associate Muslims and terrorism, it should use its power to demystify stereotypes that have made Americans to commit hate crimes against Muslims. In this view, if the media and Americans eliminate stereotypes that they have about Muslims and terrorism, hate crimes would not only disappear in America, but also across the world. References Ahmad, M. I. (20 04). A Rage Shared By Law: Post-September 11 Racial Violence as Crimes of Passion. California Law Review, 92(5), 1259-1330. Bayoumi, M. (2011). Between Acceptance and Rejection: Muslim Americans and the Legacies of September 11. OAH Magazine of History, 25(3), 15-19. Bonino, S. (2012). Policing Strategies against Islamic Terrorism in the UK after 9/11: The Socio-Political Realities for British Muslims. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 32(1), 5-31. Cainkar, L. (2006). The Social Construction of Difference and the Arab American Experience. Journal of American Ethnic History, 25(2/3), 244-278. Carr, J. (2011). Regulating Islamophobia: The Need for Collecting Disaggregated Data on Racism in Ireland. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, 31(4), 574-593. Choudhury, T., Fenwick, H. (2011). The impact of counter-terrorism measures on Muslim communities. International Review of Law, Computers Technology, 25(3), 151-181. Craig-Henderson, K., Brown-Sims, M. (2004). An Investigation of Afri can American College Students’ Beliefs about Anti-Middle Eastern Hate Crime and Victims in the Wake of September 11. Western Journal of Black Studies, 28(4), 511-517. Falcone, J. (2006). Seeking Recognition: Patriotism, Power, and Politics in Sikh American Discourse in the Immediate Aftermath of 9/11. A Journal of Transnational Studies, 15(1), 89-119. Kwan, M.P. (2008). From oral histories to visual narratives: re-presenting the post-September 11 experiences of the Muslim women in the USA. Social Cultural Geography, 9(6), 653-669. Lambert, R., Githens-Mazer, J. (2010). Islamophobia and Anti-Muslims Hate Crime: U.K case studies. Web. Love, E. (2009). Confronting Islamophobia in the United States: Framing civil rights activism among Middle Eastern Americans. Patterns of Prejudice, 43(3/4), 401-425. McCorkell, A. (2011). Muslims Call for Action against hate Crimes. Web. Phillips, J. M., Moore, L. J. (2009). China: Economic, Political, and Social Issues. New York, USA: Nova Sc ience Publishers. Sandoval, E., Lysiak, M., Scharpiro, R. (2011). Girl Attacked for Wearing a Veil Says 11-year-old Bullied, Beat her for months with Another Student. Web. Tasker, Y. (2012). Television Crime Drama and Homeland Security: From Law Order to â€Å"Terror TV.† Cinema Journal, 51(4), 44-65. Umbreit, M. S., Lewis, T., Burns, H. (2003). A community response to a 9/11 hate crime: Restorative justice through dialogue. Contemporary Justice Review, 6(4), 383-391. Zahedi, A. (2011). Muslim American Women in the Post-11 September Era. International Feminist Journal of Politics, 13(2), 183-203. This research paper on What Attitudes, Beliefs, and Assumptions Correlate with Individual Support for Hate Crimes Directed at the Muslim Community Post September 11, 2001? was written and submitted by user Damaris Morrow to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

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