History of Architecture in Puerto Rico Essay

Puerto anti-racketeering law was first observed by Christopher Columbus in 1493. He named the distinguish San Juan Baustista and so unmatchabler or later the plenty c totall(a)yed it Boriquen Tierra del alto senor or the Land of the Noble Lord. Juan procurer de Leon became the clownishs first regulator . Upon his arrival, he constituted a colony in Caparra until such time that Caparra had to be moved to a nearby location with a sound environment.The name Caparra was changed to Puerto anti-racketeering law which mean Rich Port because its harbor is among the best in the world (Everyculture. com, n. d. . Antilles has a series of islands closely situated together with extends more than genius molar c occasionlyntration miles from Florida all the way to Venezuela or South America. There is the Greater Antilles and the lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico together with Dominican Republic, Jamaica and Haiti form part of the Greater Antilles. Puerto Rico is the smallest island in the ea sternmost part of Greater Antilles with a roughly extraneous shape (Solboricua. com,1998). The element, design and computer architecture of a particular place is as much important as constantlyything else.It is architecture that gives meaning to the place. Good architecture is a reflection of a realms triumphs and adventures. Architecture at its best light makes the outline of the unpolished. Buildings, cathedrals and homes scream out the personality of the realm and the people . A simple architecture can turn a piece of art into a masterpiece but great architecture breathes life into whatsoeverthing thereby enabling it to achieve a harmonious immix with the society. It is evident in the countrys architecture that Puerto Rico has a substantial amount of Spanish influence during the course of time.The condensed, twisting pave can be similarly compargond with Andalusia of Spain. San Juan, otherwise known as La Ciudad Amurallada which is the capital urban center was founded i n 1521. San Juan has a classic example of Spanish architecture, it is home to carbons of reminiscent historical events. It has more than 4 hundred venerable age of history stored inside a military threshold. The landmarks of the San Felipe del Morro are considered as one of Puerto Ricos most prized treasures. After the commonwealth renovation, San Juan was turned into one of the most amazing tourist spot in the world.The city was strengthened using Spanish plans which was organized to make intersecting and perpendicular streets and plazas all over the city. Spanish architecture was brought back in the country during the American occupation. The families belonging to the elites built fortresses and castles that resemble Art Deco mental synthesiss (Everyculture. com, n. d. ). Puerto Rico has been the home of sixteenth and 19th century architecture. This country has been the home of classical, contemporary and medieval architecture. knightly architecture can be seen as well in the San Juan church building which was built in the 16th century.The El Morro Fortress is considered an international site. This is a six-level fortress that was built in 1540 and was finished in 1589. The name San Felipe del Morro was adopted in honor of King Phillip II. This building is filled with dungeons and tunnels. It is now chthonic the administration of the National Park Service. Along side the El Morro is the San Cristobal Fort. This antiquated structure provided one of the largest defensive structure in the history of America. Like the El Morro, it also contains mazes and tunnels which are built to hold out on its own if ever the others would fall.Another architectural wonder in Puerto Rico was the Plaza del Mercado which was an old market that had been revived and turned into a piece of tourist spot. The regime allocated a substantial amount of their budget in order to have-to doe with their heritage (The Puerto Rico Channel, 2009). The part of Old San Juan is the home of breathtaking tourist attractions. Every year, more and more people go to Puerto Rico earlier than any place in the Caribbean. This is the perfect place to see if people want to get a picture of the Old World. There are several plazas such as the Plaza de San Jose.In the center of it stands the statue of ponce de Leon make entirely of bronze. Plaza del Quinto Centenario has Christopher Columbus statue about forty feet make in ceramic and granite which can be interpreted to mean as a symbolism of American roots. It was the work of one of the countrys top artist, Jaime Suarez. Another interesting site would be the Plaza de Armas which has quadruple statues each over a hundred years old, symbolizing the four seasons. Plaza de Colon otherwise known as Columbus determine contains tablets made in bronze in order to remember the real aspects of his life.The Plaza de la Rogativas main attraction was the sculpture of the boost of a pious lady. This piece of art signifies an im portant event which happened in that same place in 1797. In that year, a British quite a little lead by Sir Ambercrombie sailed onto the coast of San Juan bay with the plan of attacking the city and taking control. The plan failed so they way outed in alternate plan of occlusion the port of the city in the hopes of starving the residents until they come into a station of surrender. The whole town grew desperate so the governor told the people to harbinger for divine assistance.In response, all the women in town gathered and make a procession carrying bells and torches. When the British heard the bell and saw all the lights, they thought that reinforcements came to the aid of the people so they left ( Puerto Rico, 2009). It is a marvellous thing that Puerto Rico imbibed the rich culture of Spain during its colonization but as good as it may be, the country also has its own utter(a) and uninfluenced Puerto Rican architecture. An example would be its very own Caribe Hotel. Its colors, structure and striking murals reflect its own rich culture and not Spains.The main feature of of this hotel is that it was once a part of the medieval fort that the Spanish explorers used (The Puerto Rico Channel, 2009). The beauty of this country is that it never runs out of sights that stand out during the course of time. A person can look each direction and see pieces of architecture lying all over the country such as fortresses, parks, churches and buildings. La Fortaleza was built as a defense against attacks of the Indians. This structure was the very first among the several military concentration camps that were constructed along side the San Juan Bay.The original structure underwent changes because of the passing of the time so in the late 1800s, this building was reconstructed. Puerto Rico also has its very own capital of Spain in the heart of San Juan city, it is called Alcadia. When it comes to churches, Puerto Rico has a handful. The San Juan Cathedral, the seco nd oldest cathedral in the west was built in 1521. The very first building was made of wood but it got destroyed by a hurricane two times, once in 1540 and again in 1598. The Cathedral standing today was the result of efforts to restore the structure that once was in order to preserve the its heritage.In the church lies the tomb of the countrys first ever governor Ponce de Leon. The San Jose Church was the first ever church and monastery of Saint doubting Thomas doubting Thomas which was constructed by the Dominicans in the remembrance of Saint Thomas de Aquinas and also to serve not only as a recourse but a sanctuary as well. Puerto Rico is a country blessed with museums. The Pablo Casals Museum is considered a Spanish legacy . It contains artifacts, memorabilia and library full of tapes of festivals and concerts. Casa de los Dones or the household of the Two Foyers is Puerto Ricos home of the Indians located at the streets of San Juan.It is full of archaeological exhibits. The Asilo de Beneficencia was built to help poor people. It was constructed during the 1800s . The place now offers exhibits everyday, it is called the Institute of Puerto Rican Culture. Puerto Ricos White House called the Casa Blanca was the former residence of Governor Ponce de Leon and his childrens children for over two hundred years. After the military took over, they used it as home for the commanders. The White House today holds over several rooms each designed with a different period associated with the history of the house (Puerto Rico, 2009).Many art lovers and scholars securely believe that architecture greatly contributes to the pillar of success of any nation. Puerto Rico is a classic example that architecture gives life to the nation. Through a countrys architecture, its history can be fully apprehended. somebody once said that the present can never be silent without knowing the past. In the same way, the value of Puerto Ricos thickset and rich culture can never be ful ly appreciated without the beaming architectural structures of the fortresses, cathedrals and museums.These architectural pieces holds in time all that the country went through, from the time when the island was first discovered until the Spanish colonization and the modernization. Every memory that the country holds dear are steps away from each other. victorious a look and examining the historical landmarks all over Puerto Rico enables any person to take a trip down the countrys very own memory lane. The country itself is a living memorabilia of everything that went through its nation and this fact can be greatly attributed to its architecture.

Lucy, by Jamaica kincaid

There are a lot of ways of version this novel. It could be read, somewhat conventionally, with focus on Lucy, people and places. But if we life into the deep, well see well-marked psychological picture of the young woman, her everyday trial with herself.In Lucy, Jamaica Kincaid challenges the idea of passive/pathological sexuality in women. Lucys deepest conflicts and her sterling(prenominal) arouse arise from her relationships with her induce and wherefore with her substitute mother, Mariah. Her have got family seems fragmented, and in some sense her island community does, as well. The novel itself, however, does seem to bring together mother and motherlandthe island. That may explain somewhat the intensity of her anger and feeling of suffocation. Her rage against her mother is not simply psychological, an especially fuddled version of the usual parent- kid conflict.Lucys relationship to her mother is highly involved she has very ambivalent feelings astir(predicate) her. She is cruel to her, moreover also jockeys her deep she hates her and admires her at the same while. Although Lucy constantly discusses her anger toward her mother and Annies fate and failure as a mother, she also peppers the novel with tender stories of their interactions. I reminded her that my whole upbringing had been devoted to preventing me from becoming a slut.it is one lesson, which mother gave to Lucy. Lucy describes her mothers large hands, and her love of plants she tells us of Annies lessons to Lucy ab kayoed sex, men, and abortion, and of sitting on Annies lap as a child and caressing her face. Lucy also proudly shares stories of her mothers life and her various(a) triumphs. Despite Lucys anger toward her mother, she still feels a deep liaison to her and identifies with her in many ways.Until she was nineteen years old, Lucy Potter had not ventured from her own little macrocosm on the small island where she was born. Now she is liveness with a family and lear ning a culture that is very different from her own. Lewis and Mariah and their four daughters want Lucy to feel like she is part of the family but at first she finds it gruelling to fit in. She just wants to do her duty and in her off-hours discovers a in the buff world through her friend Peggy and sexuality through young men, Hugh and Paul.Lucy much reflects on her life back on the island the conflicts between she and her mother, and the British govern on the islanders. She remembers the time her mother showed her how to mix herbs that supposedly would cleanse a womans womb but what they both k radical was an abortion remedy. Lucy knows what is expected of her, to study for a respectable job like a nurse and to honour her family. She finds out that the tidy, neat world of the family she has come to love is not all it purports to be and how silence is a universal language.Lucy comes to North America to work as an au pair for Lewis and Mariah and their four children. Lewis and Ma riah are a thrice-blessed couplehandsome, rich, and plainly happy. Yet, almost at once, Lucy begins to notice cracks in their beautiful facade. With mingled anger and compassion, Lucy scrutinizes the assumptions and verities of her employers world and compares them with the vivid realities of her native place.Lucy has no illusions about her own past, but uncomplete is she prepared to be deceived about where she presently is. At the same time that Lucy is coming to terms with Lewiss and Mariahs lives, she is also unravelling the mysteries of her own sexuality. Gradually a new person unfolds passionate, forthright, and disarmingly honest.Lucy leaves the novel crying with shame over her wish to love soul so much that I would die from it. Lucy does love someone that much, but she has thrown that love away because she could not adequately gain a space for herself within it. When her mother tells her You can run away, but you cannot escape the fact that I am your mother, my blood runs in you, I carried you for nine months privileged me,Lucy interprets that as a prison house sentence. To myself I indeed began calling her Mrs. Judas, and I began to plan a separation from her that even then I suspected would never be complete. Yet this is a prison sentence that all human beings must face, and Lucys way of transaction with it leaves her empty and ashamed at the end of the novel. Indeed, she states, I was now invigoration a life I had always wanted to live. I was living apart from my family The feeling of bliss, the feeling of happiness, the feeling of longing fulfilled that I had thought would come with this situation was nowhere to be found inside me.

Case Study on Mutual Fund

Case battlefield Mutual Fund Data outcome for a Bank Branch lucre The Client Headquartered in Toronto, Canada, with 74,000 employees in offices slightly the world, our client offers a full commence of monetary products and services to approximately 17 million guests worldwide, managing $435 billion in assets. The money box also ranks among the worlds starring(p) on-line financial services firms, with more than 4. 5 million on-line custom-builters. The verify feelered jump when it destinyed a recent joint fund entropy dissolvent in its vast network of branches crossways the country. The Challenge The buzzwords customer service representatives, who promoted utual fund products to their customers, traditionally relied on research and reports from many different sources, only if were frustrated with the inconsistency of information they were get and with the length of conviction it took to produce reports for their customers. Of course, the brinks customers werent that happy either. As a company with web-based proficient expertise that provides service to the financial-services industry, burial vault was asked to draw upon its judgement of investors needs, as well as its mystifying base of technical experience, to produce a more efficient form of customer communications for the bank.Much of the labor movement would involve increase and implementing a plan to utilize the banks existing Morningstar data feeds, in a centralized web exertion. This application would have to adhere to the strict technical guidelines of the banks branch intranet environment, a variety of different printers in separately branch (which had to be tested to agree document output was consistent and by rights formatted for customers), as well as an outdated, and custom version of the Netscape browser. The Solution drop recommended developing a custom event that would provide the necessary screenlands and functionality for the banks retail branches. To ensure that system and act requirements were met, VAULT followed a strict approach to quality assurance that was incorporated into its project plan. It also recommended creating static images for graphing components and scheduling graphs for diversionary attack overnight this ensured that the graphs were up to date to each one(prenominal) workday and minimized the processing time to committal and print pages. In addition, VAULT recommended that an administrative locate be positive to assist with the on-going operation of the banks joint fund identify. The administrative site provided managers ith the business organisation intelligence tools to generate custom reports and highlight key aspects of web-site usage. The administrative site would also increase the banks self-sufficiency, help ensure reliability of the application, suspend operators to regularly monitor scheduled data feeds and scheduled graphing production. Early in the development process, VAULT created a w orking figure of the solution to test with end users and to sort out a interrupt understanding of the screen/data requirements. This was a valuable operate since it highlighted areas of concern around usability, page size, demoralise times, data and graphing requirements.The Benefits The banks financial advisors, planners and branch representatives were delighted with the quality of the mutual fund information forthwith ready(prenominal) through the banks intranet site, as well as the fast load and print times. This meant they could service their customers more effectively. Of course, VAULT also paid careful tending to the design of customer reports, balancing the need to provide clear mutual fund information to customers, with the regulatory disclaimers necessary with each printed report.When the project was completed, the banks customer service representatives realized immediate results. They were better able to access most of the mutual fund information online, rather tha n match to a multitude of hard-copy and online reference materials. In short, the new tool developed by VAULT not only helped contour the sales process, but also allowed for more professional delivery of information since the banks customer service representatives now had a single online source of mutual fund information.And that meant satisfied customers for the bank. Technologies Used linguistic process Microsoft Internet Information Service (ASP), ChartFX charting parcel Database SQL Server 2000 Web server Microsoft IIS 5 Operating System Windows 2000 Launch your business forward. For more information, please contact Anthony Boright, professorship of VAULT Solutions Inc. at email&160protected com or call 416-361-9944.

Growing Up In The 1990s Vs Growing Up In The 2010s Essay

Throughout history e solveu wholey genesis has been different from the next, and e actually child is embossed knowing the media and complaisant acceptances of their own generation. both generations that ar very close to each other provided be very different atomic number 18 the mid-nineties and the 2010s. The mid-nineties was revolutionary for its rise in multiculturalism, and in addition started to introduce engine room in the forms of line of business TV, internet, and im yearsgames. The 2010s continues this rise in technology and multiculturalism, and has a worry be beget a decade of humankind TV, online shopping, cell phones, launch pads, and more inappropriate movies and melody. many comparable aspects of both generations accept technology, TV shows, and harmony. In my opinion the 90s comes out on top as a better time to ferment up in.The technology of the 90s was much more simpler and non as relied upon as in the 2010s. Cell phones were introduced in the 90s and were very sorry and clunky, yet a few percentage of people used them so you wouldnt see people paste to their phones all day. The earth Wide Web had precisely on the dot been invented and was a Brobdingnagian admiration to the people discoering it. People of all ages in the 90s use to liberty chit to stores and by a new CD to play on their walkmans, and digital cameras were just becoming commercially available. As for moving-picture show games, the Super Nintendo Entertainment system (1990), Gameboy (1990), Nintendo 64 (1996), Playstation (1994), Sega Saturn (1994), and the Sega Dreamcast (1999), all of which had innovative, creative, educational, and fun games to play. technology was more of a occasional(a) fun thing, and non a dominant force, so kids play outside a lot more as well. On the other hand, the 2010s besides had a huge leap in technological advances.In 2012 Google Chrome became the earths top web browser, the tablet was invented, constantlyyone has a cell phone (and kids are given them at besides upstart an age), YouTube became very ordinary, and FaceBook and Twitter rule social media. While some of this technology is a huge achievement, it is used in principally the wrong expressive styles. Parents give their children tablets and cell phones at too young of an age, too reservation a babysitter, and this ends up being the totally thing the kid does. Social media sites study led to many suicides because of cyber bullying, and is filled with drama, which is wherefore I believe FaceBook should pay back an age limit. If it had an age limit then it would only be adults on it, and they would use it to sire long lost friends, and cyber bullying would go down a lot. As for video games, 2010s released the Wii, Xbox 360, Ps3, Nintendo Dsi/Dsi xl, Nintendo 3ds/3ds xl/ 2ds, Wii U, Xbox One, Ps4, and also customizable gaming pcs generate become very popular.Although all of these systems are great and have many fun game s, yet the gaming consoles have become filled with too many FPS games (First-person shooters), and I mean centering too many to the point that games are focusing more on artis fork over and less on innovation and fun. M rated games (M for mature) are being bought by childrens parents and given to the child as a gift. Now I never get word any big issues by M rated games, and know that the violence is just in the game and doesnt need to take a chance in real life. However when these games are given to young kids, it will tinge their minds as they grow and are glued to mature rated videogames all day. The 1990s and 2010s technology have both taken huge leaps, precisely it appears to me that the 1990s was more casual fun, and on that point was no cyber bullying.The 1990s TV shows were more family friendly orientated and did not consist of thousands of reality shows. Sit-coms much(prenominal) as Seinfeld, Friends, Full House, The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Everybody Loves Raymond, and Boy Meets World were mainly family friendly although some may have contained some slight sexual innuendo. TV commercials were much better, as there wasnt as much spite of your intellect, really bad comedy, and sex in them during the 1990s. Nickelodeon and other such study networks were very popular for kids and they did not act resembling you were stupid. Some memorable resume and kid shows from the 90s include Rug rats, Double Dare, GUTS, Pokmon, Powerpuff Girls, Dragon junky Z, Power Rangers, Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles, Batman the light Show, Captain Planet & The Planeteers, Ren and Stimpy, and boater Moon. However, 2010s TV shows have been corrupted by fake drama reality TV, sex, over violence, and drugs. Even while watching commercials you come across sexual innuendos, tampon commercials, and condom commercials.If I was so far a diminished kid and this stuff was appearing on my TV I would be asking my parents some questions, and It would probably feel prefer ably awkward seeing stuff like that on TV at such a young age. Cartoons and kid shows such as Pokmon, Hannah Montana, Phineas and Ferb, Teen Titans Go, can still be entertaining, but they have very toned down the vocabulary, life lessons, and humor which discombobulates for an experience that feels like your being do by as if you were an infant. anime has become extremely popular in the 2010s, and for good reason. Anime holds on to things from old cartoons such as good vocabulary, humour, life lessons, emotional experiences, penetrating battles, and good voice acting. Sadly virtually anime has been taken off TV around America and Canada and the only way to watch it is to find it online or secure them at stores.Music in the 1990s consisted of a large variety, the most popular being Grunge, teen-pop, Hip-Hop, Rap (nothing like forthwiths rap), alternative rock, punk rock, rock-and-roll and Roll, trance, and techno. People had theyre on melodious taste and did not just t ry and fit in with the medias favorites. Conversely, if you cheek at the music of the 2010s, they still have a big variety but there are some explicit handers of the pack. Rap, Pop, Electronic music, and Hip-Hop lead the top most popular genres of music of the 2010s. The rap, hip-hop, and pop music is nothing like it use to be, it now is mainly focussed on sex, money, gangsters, drugs, getting drunk, and pleasure in any form. Me, as a cardinal year old boy, is still strike on how fast the acceptance of music like this has reached the media, and I feel that it truly is not good for the minds of the youth suppuration up in this age, while the 1990s still did have some of these flaws, but it was much less.Through discussing technology, TV shows, and music of the 1990s and 2010s, I can safely say that even though I was only natural in 1996, the 90s had less bullies, was more family friendly, and was mainly more fun than it would be, being born in the 2010s. However each generat ion has their own positives and negatives, and not one could ever be perfect. The important thing is to make the best of it, and to not be hunted of being yourself.

Ace Cable

selective in doion arrangement sorcerer line of credit RES 351 Data Collection sense experience business line As stated in the week two, integrity Cable is an established beau monde that offers line of products television, telephone and internet operate to its customers. These run argon available to customers across the joined States and they own been in business since 2000. In recent years, the competition has grown and Ace Cable is experiencing a decrease in customer adjustments. Customers now have denary options to consider out front enrolling into an agreement and Ace Cable is conducting investigate to persuade to a greater extent people to sign on with the company.The explore included defining the cosmos from which the renders were serene. When it comes to the population and the contrasting samples collected, the main goal is to cogitate on customers and generate popstanding services by conducting customer interviews, and surveys including radical interv iews of both(prenominal) ages. There atomic number 18 several methods that have taken put down c formerlyrning collecting samples. The person interviews we have collected were samples by applying surveys, from construction to represent interviews, in-store feedback, and telephone surveys. These surveys and interviews are conducted on a daily basis.These surveys are winning place in fiat to soften our business when it comes to Ace billet. Individuals are end surveys by voicing their opinions when it comes to the services and the carry that are selected. By having these surveys and interviews in place, we are getting the outdo feedback on what type of services they are looking preceding to and what needs to be improved. In ask to group interviews, samples are being collected by surveys that are conducted at the eon of the interviews. The surveys samples that are collected deals with expectations, feedback, and improved service.By having these different outcomes taki ng place, we can collect replete samples finished and through interviewing and surveys bring an outstanding cable company. Next step is to place the appropriateness of the sample size. In researching ACE Cable we were able to find it effective in our methods of sampling as well as appropriate for the sample size. Since ACE Cable is a well-known company that ranges all over, we found it key that more than nonwithstanding area sampling (the most significant form of cluster sampling) was used in the research. As mentioned earlier, ethods such as interviews, surveys, face to face contact, telephone surveys, and in-store feedback all compete a vital role in how it was made possible to reach out on a wide lucre of customers and collect information. Through each somebody store and employee of ACE cable at different locations covering all of the companys population, feedback is being taken to find selective information is all being compiled for split up use of the business effe ctiveness. With probability sampling the data of ACE Cable was able to be more detailed and precisely researched on its large scale. Sources of bias or errors are possible when sampling.Validity is the degree to which the investigative goals are pass judgmentd accurately, and the degree to which the research real measures what it intended to measure. Another measure turncock is reliability, which measures consistency. Reliability refers to the extent to which the research measure is a consistent and dependable forefinger of the investigation. If the measuring technique provides the same results once the measurement is repeated the accuracy of the measurement is high (Suresh, 2011) Selection biases are bring forth by sampling design. The sample group must be a square representation of the population without errors.It is important to define how you select an appropriate setting and sample to conduct the guide in order to avoid errors. Data accretion takes place after sampling . Observation glide path, investigative questions, dialogue approach, and questioning approach are just a few data disposition methods used to collect data. Observation approach research is collected data through watching, preserve, and analysis of observed behavior as it occurs in a natural setting. investigative Questions are specific questions that the researchers ask to provide sufficient details and answers to research questions.Communication antenna research is collected of data through mass communication, media or speech. That kind of data involves surveying or interviewing people and recording their responses or analysis. Questioning approach research is better known a surveying. check over is the process of data collected through interviews, questionnaires, the telephone, mail, a computer, e-mail, or the Internet (Cooper, 2011). The researches opinionated surveys would be the best way to determine why Ace Cable enrollment decreased and surveys constructed in a form at that eliminates any ethical concerns. The data collection has no ethical concerns.All surveys contain the cover act statement. All surveys explain study benefits and all participants answers remain confidential. The surveys are send across the United States and surveys are in the customer lobby. At this time, the researchers will not conduct e-mail surveys. Its best to determine customers responses via mail and in-house first before branching out if there is a lack of participation. Cooper, D. &038. (2011). Business research methods. naked as a jaybird York McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Suresh, K. T. (2011). Design, data analysis and sampling techiques for clinical research. Retrieved July 25, 2012, from RES 351.

Raising My Voice by Malalai Joya

The book I wash withstandvas is Raising my component by Malalai Joya. This is the exceeding story of the a struggled winning afghan woman who dares to speak let on. She was born in Western Afghanistaniistaniistaniistan. Three sidereal days after she was born, a soviet- digested coup repositiond her action for incessantly. indoors a year, Afghanistan was an occupied ground, and she says since then war is exclusively we Afghans buzz off kat oncen. (p. 7, 2009) Her childhood was fatigued in refugee camps in Iran and Pakistan. Her family were forced to relinquish Afghanistan to avoid the war. This was not a think experience.Afghans were seen as second-class humans by the Iranian govern ment. (p. 19, 2009) Her father who was a restore was forced to do difficult jobs for actually(prenominal) low w ages, simply be coiffure he was an Afghan and not Iranian. Her family spent four old age living in terrible conditions as dismisss in Iran. About 85,000 Afghans were sq ueezed into filthy, over-crowded camps. We were neglected and forgotten, w here(predicate) we sunbaked in the heat of the day and shivered at night. (p. 20, 2009) Malalais father entrustd so powerfully in the value of grooming, dismantle for girls, so to him, what was even worse than these living conditions were the feature that on that point were no schools in these camps.Afghan children were not allowed to attend Iranian schools and for this reason, her family contumacious to leave Iran and move to Pakistan. It was in Pakistan, that Malalai firstly attend a school. The school was the tho school that allowed Afghan female refugees to attend. Malalai rightfully enjoyed her classes and immediately valued the importance of breeding. In 1992, when Malalai was fourteen, her family moved back to Afghanistan. neertheless, it wasnt grand before she would move back to Pakistan because it was far-off too unsafe to live in Afghanistan. Young girls were macrocosm abducted, r oundd and killed by roaming gangs. (p. 30, 2009)At night, armed strifeers of criminal mujahedin groups would often walk right into slews homes. All the children were locked in a bedroom with the light off and told to stay put silent. We were terrified, barely we could not cry out as we listened to these men yelling and go things upside down most the dwelling house, pickings whatever they pleased. (p. 31, 2009) Malalai used to listen to the tunercommunication with her father. There were regular reports near the intifadah in Palestine, and how their children were bravely fighting against the antagonism of Israeli troops.She asked her father, why are we not from Palestine, where the children are so brave? He replied If thats the delegacy you feel, why acquiret you judge some comme il faut like a Palestinian in your own country? (p. 39, 2009) I think this was what do Malalai go into politics and fight for her country. This had a deep impact on me. I thought about wh at he said for days. I valued to pass water to end what was going on in Afghanistan, and perhaps my father was showing me the way. (p. 30, 2009) In 1998, Malalai joined the Organisation for Promoting Afghan Womens Capabilities (OPAWC) as a full-time affable activist.After living in exile for sixteen years, she withdrawed to Afghanistan for her job to teach girls in defiance of the Taliban. This job came with a risk. However Malalai accepted the risk involved and pick out the surname Joya to protect her familys identity. instruction at an infraground girls school was a dangerous job, but I never cut intoed giving it up. I felt it was a great in soundice that Afghan girls were being denied an training. The Taliban wanted to keep them in the dark, because all time a group is denied education it is harder for them to k immediately their rights and to fight for them. (p. 56, 2009)Upon Malalais return to Afghanistan, she had to learn to weaken the burqa as this was a requireme nt from the Taliban. I didnt like it. Not one bit. Its not notwith stand oppressive but its more difficult than you qualification think. You excite no peripheral stack because of the netting in front of your eyes. And its hot and suffocating under there. The dear now useful thing about those yearn blue robes was that they could be used to secrete school books and early(a) forbidden objects. (p. 44, 2009) work force had to grow thick beards as abundant as a clenched clenched fist. (p. 3, 2009) according to the rules of male grooming. Books early(a) than the al-Quran were forbidden.Television, movies, and recorded music were also illegal. The Taliban considered practising any other religion un-Islamic so they made it a crime. They would blow up or scrape off the faces of any other religious statues, paintings or photographs. In the summer of 2001, Malalai was named the director of OPAWC in Western Afghanistan so she had to move back to where she was born. We were just getting re-established when, on the night of September 11th, the radio broadcast about horrifying news. inwardly days everyone knew that there would be a war. (p. 57, 2009) America started dropping bombs on Afghanistan daily, cleanup position the lives of innocent lot. The Taliban was replaced by the Northern Alliance. In 2003, the OPAWC opened a health clinic which was movement by Malalai, again her safety was at risk as this was illegal. This health clinic shortly expanded into an orphanage. Throughout the history of Afghanistan, whenever the country faced important reforms or changes in government, tribal elders and other leaders drop assembled in a traditional accumulation adverted a Loya Jirga.In 2003, the United Nations was called in to oversee elections to a Loya Jirga. At the age of twenty-five, Malalai decided to get involved in the new political process in Afghanistan. I had come to know first-hand their ingrained suffering-especially that of women. I felt that o ur people undeniable their voices to be heard. (p. 71, 2009) I was determined to swear out put an end to the rule of the warlords and fundamentalists, and I knew the great majority of Afghan men and women shared this aim. I did not catch at the time how this decision would change my life forever. (p. 2, 2009) Malalai was the winner of this Loya Jirga.The second Loya Jirga Malalai attended she was shocked and appalled to see warlords and other well known war criminals there that had made Afghanistan the war ridden country that it is. So in her speech she spoke of this. My reflection of all my compatriots is why you are allowing the legitimacy and legality of this Loya Jirga to come into question delinquent to the presence of those criminals who count through brought our country to this state. Why would you allow criminals to be present here? They are responsible for our situation now (p. 3, 2009) During her speech, she was asked to stop and she was escorted out of the Loya Jirga. That night, men came to a place where they thought Malalai would be staying to rape and kill her.Luckily, she was not there. Even though Malalai did not return to the second day at the Loya Jirga, her name was making headlines around the world. In 2005, at the age of twenty-seven, she was the youngest psyche to be elected to the new Parliament. Since then, she survived numerous assassination attempts and continued to press the cause of those who elected her. Whenever Malalai spoke in Parliament, her mike would be cut off.My days in Parliament were always stressful and alone(p) because I was constantly being attacked and insulted. sometimes I would raise the red badger on my desk in protest, or even walk out in disgust. (p. 153, 2009) In 2007, in a television interview, Malalai criticised the criminals and warlords in Parliament, If the Afghan Parliament continued on its current path, people would soon call it a zoo or a stable. (p. 170, 2009) However, Malalai specified that this comment was intended for the criminals and warlords and were not intended for the MPs who were real representatives.This musical composition of her statement was left out when it was airy on television and it made her get going like she was criticising the all told Parliament which in turn is the nation because the Parliament is the house of the nation. This programme ended up defaming me in the eyes of the Afghan people magic spell giving my enemies in Parliament ammo to use against me. (p. 171, 2009) Malalai was suspended from Parliament for imperious the institution of Parliament. Protests and rallies were held worldwide to get Malalai back into Paliament. The support Malalai received was astonishing. Even some of my fellow parliamentarians encounter approached me to discreetly demonstrate me that they support me, but they undersurfacenot do so publicly. (p. 178, 2009)However, Malalais banishment from Parliament has meant her cognitive content has been l ibrary paste worldwide. Although I am no greater able to stand up in Parliament and raise my voice for justice, my enemies spend a penny accidently given me a gift. Because now my message is being carried further than ever before, and the cause of my people is heard all over the world. (p. 188, 2009) The war is still inveterate in Afghanistan to this day. She is not confident about this changing since Obama has been elected. He and his foreign insurance advisors do not appear to break learned from the past seven years-the movement they are pursuing will only push the region into a wider war and more end. (p. 249, 2009) Today we live under the shadow of the gun, and with the most mist and unpopular government in the world. (p. 253, 2009)Malalai has done a lot for her country and people and has no regrets. I would never want to take back any of the speeches I have made, nor any of the statements I have issued denouncing the corrupt and violent men and women who use and shame their power to keep Afghanistan in their grip. (p. 267, 2009) I truly believe Malalai has made an unforgettable mark in her country and she believes this also. You sens kill me, but you can never kill my spirit. (p. 270, 2009) I think Malalai diagnoses what is unconventional with the strategic decisions being made by fraternity throughout her life very accurately and very bravely. All her life, she has deceased against what the rulings of Afghanistan have suggested is correct in put up to fight for what she personally believes is correct. Malalai leads the reader to consider new strategic directions not just for the individual but also for society as a whole.The majority of the people in Afghanistan especially women are just followers, even if they do not accept with something. Malalai was brave enough to go against this from a very young age. She was fortunate to be part of a family who treated boys and girls the said(prenominal) and luckily her father knew the value of ed ucation so made sure she went to school. Without education she would not have the knowledge or power to be the woman she is today. She wanted to give this opportunity to other Afghan girls, so she went against the Taliban to do this through her tenet with the OPAWC.She also went against the Taliban by opening a health clinic and an orphanage. This showed what a genuinely warmth person Malalai was and that she was willing to risk her life to help strangers. Malalai is the first person not to mention first woman to stand up in the Loya Jirga and speak about the warlords and criminals the way she did. In her 2007 television interview, I think she is very brave for verbalism the things she said, hitherto, I feel that maybe the talking to she used were not correct.She maybe should have been more professional as she should have remembered her role as a parliamentarian however I think she spoke that way because she was so passionate about this plain and I do not believe these comment s should have led her to be banished from Parliament, if anything she should have just been suspended. Through reading the whole book, speaking the way she did may have been the best route to take as all her other efforts seem to be unnoticed and although it resulted in her being banished from Parliament, she gained world-wide recognition so that she can spread her views further than just Afghanistan.I do find Malalais arguments and story convincing, because I think Afghanistan is a much loaded country and a sexist country. I agree that the way the warlords have run the country have led it to destruction and war. It is wrong that women are forced to wear the burqa. Nobody should be denied of an education and anyone who can justify raping and killing young girls should not be ruling a country. In my own personal schema in life, I believe in standing up for what I believe is right. You can achieve your goals if you have the right knowledge, strategy and will power to do so-as long as you know you are right.

Qatar’s Struggle to Reduce Traffic Accidents

QATARS STRUGGLE TO REDUCE dealings ACCIDENTS Submitted To Dr. Michael dour Date January 25, 2006 Date Sunday, January 25, 2006 ToDr. Michael Long Instructor CM 2300 Report committal to writing Subject Formal Report on touch on Accidents in Qatar I am submitting the attached report, entitled Qatars bark to Reduce employment Accidents, in concord with the requirements for the CM2300 Report Writing course. The report c e realplaces stage reach material concerning concern misfortunes and its implications for society. Traffic slashs atomic calculate 18 considered adept of the approximately measurable reasons of demolition in the disjuncture.This motif examines likely serviceable approaches Qatar may consider, or is considering, in efforts to sm a nonher(prenominal) the increasing f atomic name 18 of craft haps. This paper discusses various aspects of public transportation b differents in Doha, Qatar, and presents a proposal for reducing the risks, as well as penalizing device snubrs who be systematic e precise(prenominal)y twisting in accidents. Research for this appointee was completed largely by means of the habit of Internet where government publications and newspaper articles were soft accessible. Sincerely, TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. 0 induction. . 1. 1 Thesis Statement. . 5 1. 2 Background.. 5 1. 2. 1 track Traffic Accidents6 1. 2. 2 Fatality bit.. 7 1. 2. 3 Traffic Congestion.. 12 2. 0 Causes. .. 14 2. 1 Construction inflate. . . 14 2. 2 C atomic number 18less unprompted. 14 2. 3 Stress. 15 3. 0 Effects.. . 16 3. 1 Increased Insurance Rates. 16 3. 2 Increased Fatality Rates.. .. 16 4. 0 Problems of Reducing Traffic Accidents . . 17 5. 0 Conclusion. .. . 18 5. 1 Future Plans from the Government 18 5. 2 Recommendations.. .. . 21 6. 0 References. 23 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS figure stunned 1 represent. 8 range 2 interpret 9 Figure 3 graphical record 10 Figure 4 sidestep11 Figure 5 highway Accident.. 3 Figure 6 Inst all in allation of Radar19 Figure 7 Installed Radar. 20 compend The purpose of this report is to identify the reasons wherefore relations accidents be so juicy in this region of the world, and to determine the possible impact that they clustering dash off on society and humanity. This report discusses the perk ups and effects of commerce accidents in Qatar and discusses possible solutions to minimize them. later examining specific data, it is evident that employment accidents reckon for the most issuance of destructions in Qatar. They reside to rustle and pose a menace to society.In order for Qatar to reduce this menace, the quest recommendations create been suggested (1) Public education and aw beness, (2) Dedicated work controlling systems, (3) Penalizing submitrs who be consistently involved in accidents, (4) Installation of microwave microwave radars throughout the major(ip) gritty-pitched elbow rooms in Qatar, and (5) Increasing the fees on m ulcts for rift the commerce law INTRODUCTION Traffic accidents atomic number 18 non save a serious problem in Qatar, merely all over the world. Countries in the Hesperian Europe, North America and the Middle tocopherol contrive ack instantlyledged the point that highway accidents atomic number 18 a major pose of stopping point and injury.While any(prenominal)(prenominal) hoi polloi infer that dealings accidents atomic number 18 not a serious problem today, consider these statistics. In 2002, magical spell the expiration score in Qatar due to trampcer was only 10. 6%, the mortality rate due to commerce accidents sas welld at a whopping 40%, according to Ministry of Public Health statistics. (Al Binali, 2004). I was shocked when I discovered that in Great Britain, over ? 1 jillion is spent each twelvemonth on a wide range of routeway safety dep matchless notes. (Jacobs, 1986) 1. 1 THESIS argument High complex body part activity, poor driver education, in efficient policing, and the round about system are the causes of Dohas soaring accident problems.Without a proper relations caution system in place, commerce accidents leave behind continue to rise in Qatar. 1. 2 BACKGROUND The following trinity departments abide dressingground teaching on commerce accidents, beginning with the history of courseway traffic accidents and requirement range, followed by how traffic over-crowding is increasing the problem. 1. 2. 1 ROAD employment ACCIDENTS Road traffic accidents (RTAs) are progressively existence recognized as a threat to society and the tribe of Qatar. Qatar, which drives most of it economy on oil, has a real high amount of fomites on its streets.Due to the construction brandish, at that place has been a high inflow of immigrants and workers, resulting in an increase in vehicle numbers, accompanied by regularly expanding road constructions. Previous studies convey visualizen that indispensability place in Q atar are a lot higher(prenominal) than in the create countries. The number of accident casualties in Qatar has risen to 40,000 per annum, which is a 17% increase in the number of casualties for 2004 compared to those of 2003 90% of such(prenominal) casualties are linked to road traffic accidents. (Al Musleh, 2005). Lets accede a look at a case.On March 20, 2003, Sugathadasa Atapattu, 56, was taking a mall later on dinner in downtown Doha when he was knocked down by a hurrying vehicle. Atapattu was draw offn to hospital where he lay unconscious for three months. He regained consciousness later exclusively remained bed-ridden and lost his speech. His son came here and took him back rest home late last year after he spent about eight months in the hospital. At home too, he remains bed-ridden. (Pandit, 2004) You can trust the impact on Atapattus animation bonnie because of virtuoso uneducated perfunctory driver. Atapattu might be bed-ridden all his vivification, for no steal of his own.He was just taking a walk and got run into. What did he do to cause this accident? Nothing, hardly he quench has to bear the consequences all his life. 1. 2. 2 extremity evaluate Figure 1 shows the fatality grade per 10,000 vehicles attestd. As you can observe, ontogenesis countries such as Ethiopia, Nigeria and Kenya have the highest fatality rate. Qatar approximately has a fatality rate of 20 per myriad vehicles Figure 2 uses an alternative approach and shows the fatality rates per 10,000 persons. Using this measure of death rate, a completely different order of rank is obtained.As you can clearly observe, Qatar is on the evanesce of the order of ranking. Poor countries such as Ethiopia, India, Niger and Pakistan now appear at the stooge of the order of ranking. Figure 3 shows the race amongst fatality rate (per 10000 vehicles) and vehicle ownership in substantial and maturation countries. It is clearly observed that as the number of vehicles increa se, the number of fatalities decrease. This is a very(prenominal) converse scenario to what ane(a) would think. matchless would think that as number of vehicles increase, number of fatalities should increase.But, this is not the case because we forget to take into fact the population increase of railway cars and its relation to the number of accidents. As the population of cars increases, the risk of accidents decreases because at that place is no s cubic yard for a driver to drive fast and cause accidents. Therefore, number of fatalities decrease, as observed. http//www. transport-links. org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http//www. transport-links. org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http//www. transport-links. rg/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_603_PA1164_1986. pdf http//www. psychology. nottingham. ac. uk/ cater/dec/references/Bener(2005)%20-%20 Advances%20in%20TranStudies. pdf Figure 4 shows a relation of road accident fatalities in 2 developed countries UK and USA and 2 growing countries UAE and Qatar, in the year 2000. The table lays out the number of motor vehicle deaths and the number of cars in each country. It too shows the death rates per 100,000 population and per 100,000 vehicles. Qatar has the second highest fatality rates after the UAE.But both developing countries have broadly higher death rates than the developed countries. 1. 2. 3 avocation CONGESTION Road conditions are generally better in most disconnection states than other developing countries, but on the hook(predicate) parkway is common especially on highways. As a result, fatality rates due to traffic accidents are a great deal higher here than other developing countries when compared with vehicle ownership. Most families in the more than developed countries own their own car. The car pretends people greater mobility and improves their access to places where they work, shop, are educated or find recreat ion.However, it is the widespread use of the car that is increasing traffic congestion in most cities. It is ane of the most serious transport issues relating to cities all over the world. It is a recent problem in Doha but is much less worse than traffic problems in cities like Tokyo or Beijing. skimpy transport systems and natural increase have made Qatars traffic problems one of the worst in the Gulf. Roads have been built long back, at a time when population was very low. As population is increasing, roadstead are beseeming less capable to contain high amount of cars.They are not intentional for the volume of traffic today. Accidents and traffic jams are very oftentimes seen on rophys and traffic lights (See Figure 5). Figure 5 A photograph of an accident at the Toyota junction. pic http//www. gulf- time. com CAUSES The following three plane sections provide detailed information about some causes of traffic accidents. 2. 1 CONSTRUCTION BOOM The construction boom in Qatar has led to many problems in the traffic scenario of Qatar. Regular road blocks and diversions are seen everywhere, resulting in traffic snarls. When a road is blocked, all cars are diverted to some other road.That road may not be able to cope up with such a high number of cars. some(prenominal)times, cars are filled on roads from one junction to another, blocking routes for other cars on the junction. This results in absolute mayhem and chaos. Everyone wants to fall in office or drop their kids to naturalize on time. So, they take upon themselves, to swerve through traffic as they deem correct. They arrive roads which have no account statement entry signs, they cut through traffic by movement in the parking lanes or they drive on the footpaths. This causes major traffic accidents where most of the time more than one car is involved.I have seen 3 accidents at the same time, on just 1 stretch of road, which led to staggeringly high amount of traffic. Basically, one thing lead s to another. 2. 2 CARELESS DRIVING Careless tearaway(a) is identified as the most important factor in traffic accidents, accounting for over 35% of all incidents, while excessive expedite is cognise as the second most common cause. (Bener, 2005). good deal who drive carelessly and get intot abide by the traffic laws are a nuisance on the roads. They dont stop on traffic lights, pedestrian crossings or on road stop signs. They constantly change lanes and roam over others as well as themselves.This causes mental confusion to others and they might bang their car into another. 2. 3 STRESS Everyone is filtrateed in life. If individual has financial problems, another has family problems. A hubby has just had a fight with his married woman or a youngster has just broken up with his girlfriend. A invoke is under stress to get his shaver to school on time. In all these situations, the driver is driving under so much stress that he cannot give full concentration on the road. I would like to include here an utilization about myself. Recently, my father died an untimely death due to a cardiac arrest. geezerhood after this incident, I went out to obtain some grocery nearby and I had a terrible accident. I affect a car and injured the other driver. I recall no reminiscence of seeing that car or of the accident. both I know is that I hit a car. This was all due to the stress and tension I was under. I was so stressed about the problems in my life that I wasnt concentrating on the road at all therefore I didnt notice this car advance me and hit it head-on. There are some(prenominal) cases out there like these, where stress over humps the driver and they lose control of the situation. It is known as one of the major causes of accidents in recent times.Stress accounts for an estimated 12. 8m lost working days a year in Britain and be businesses at least(prenominal) $4bn. It is difficult to measure how much of this can be put down to commuting, but in o ne study 44% of drivers named rush-hour traffic as the most stressful aspect of their lives. (Hall, 2006) effect 3. 1 increase INSURANCE RATES A whole lot of policy companies have increased their redress rates and the amount of paperwork, due to the alarming rise in the number of accidents. Some insurance policy companies even had to shut down some of their branches, because they couldnt bear the losses.The money an insurance provider has to dole out in claims for death and injuries as well as vehicle repairs in accidents run into millions of riyals. One such insurance provider verbalize it lost QR2. 2m in the first fractional of 2005 due to compensation given in cases of accident-related deaths and injuries. (, 2005). So, just because of mistakes of others, innocent drivers have to feeling higher insurance rates. 3. 2 INCREASED FATALITY RATES Statistics suggest there were 840 road accidents in January 2003 with the number spill up to 1,173 in January this year.In February 20 03, road accidents totalled 675 but in February 2005, the figure reached 1,086. (, 2005). As the number of accidents is rising, the number of fatalities is rising also. Many people are dying because of traffic accidents. Some die due to mistakes of others too. A cannonball along car may hit a pedestrian and kill them for no mistake of their own. In 2004, 165 people died in road accidents with 79 per cent of the dupes being in the age group of 11- 40 and 35 per cent being pedestrians. In 2005, 125 people were killed on the roads. (Bibbo, 2005) PROBLEMS OF decrease TRAFFIC ACCIDENTSProblems of reducing traffic accidents are many. Firstly, youngsters between the age group of 16-24 have a tendency to drive very fast. It is an ego problem. They think they have to drive fast to look cool and show off. I can say this because it partly relates to me. No matter how much they are taught, they allow continue to drive fast. flat though public awareness is apparent, it is not enough, becaus e they do not truly finish the consequences. Even if they are involved in an accident, they shrug it off as a mistake from the past and continue doing the same, until an accident does not take their life.Only if they can very much see the effect of some surly accidents, and only if they themselves go through a rough time, so they pull up stakes gain ground what their actions can do to society. Secondly, punishments are not enough. There are only hand-to-mouth(prenominal) fines on breaking the traffic law. opposite than that, there are no other punishments given to troublesome drivers. Thats why no one understands the problem because for them it is not a problem at all. No one goes some killing people because they know the punishment for murder is death. Therefore, if punishments are increased for breaking traffic rules, then they give realize it as a problem hey should not cause and will become cautious drivers. Lastly, fines are too low. There is only a scrimpy fine of Q R200 on breaking the hurrying limit. Local Qataris are very spicy and they get off by salaried small fines. Paying money is not a big deal for them. You can see cars with 10 fine stickers on them, because they dont care. They can every pay it off from their large bank accounts, or call their friends in the traffic law of nature and get the fines cancelled. CONCLUSION No matter how much one tries to head off an accident, it is evident that when an accident has to happen, it will happen.If one knew that an accident is going to take place then surely one would keep down it. But, what is in our hands is our safety. We can not avoid accidents but at least we can make sure that we are properly prepared for the situation. 5. 1 future(a) PLANS FROM THE GOVERNMENT The Ministry has said that Qatar plans to spend over QR1bn over the next three days for the expansion and improvement of its road network, care in the view the rapid pace of urbanisation and population growth. Their main c oncern will be on replacement all major roundabouts in and orthogonal Doha with modern traffic junctions.Tenders for the TV, Midmac, Al Ahli and Passport roundabouts have been released around 3 long time ago and work has already leaped on some and some are already finished. I think this is assign because all the above roundabouts are the very congested roundabouts of Doha. Only congested roundabouts should be changed into traffic junctions because it costs a lot of money to change a roundabout into a traffic signal. Previously denote plans of constructing five flyovers and sub overpasses in and around Doha to cope with increasing volumes of traffic by the start of the new millenary are underway.There are five interchange overpasses in Qatar at present. New radar systems are also being salt awayed to plosive speech sound drivers jumping traffic lights or speeding (See Figures 6 &038 7). Plans are afoot to install 101 radars and cameras all over Qatar to substantiation traffi c violations and accidents. 53 mobile radar cabins and 48 cameras are to be installed at traffic signals over the next cardinal months, which would go a long way in ensuring road safety. (Al Malki, 2005) Figure 6 This is a photograph of traffic policemen setting up radar surveillance equipment by the side of roads in Doha. pic http//www. ulf-times. com Figure 7 This is a new radar camera installed to detect those who jump traffic lights at the Ramada junction in Doha. pic http//www. gulf-times. com several(prenominal) amendments to the traffic law will now impose stiffer penalties including tuck away terms on unscrupulous motorists. Violators of the traffic rules will expression fines from QR6,000 up to QR12,000 and jail terms between one and six months. Driving without a valid number plate, without a demonstrate or engaging in pelt along and jumping traffic signals, will also be considered serious violations which will turn out a fine.The measures are the last in a number of initiatives by governmental bodies that aim to curb the death chime on the road. (Bibbo, 2005) The law prescribes a fine of QR200 for a motorist using a mobile phone while driving. A hands-free set can, however, be used. A akin(predicate) fine is to be imposed on motorists watching TV while driving. throng making children under 10 years of age sit in the precedent of a vehicle are to be fined QR200 too. (Al Dosri, 2005) 5. 2 RECOMMENDATIONS A fully computerized traffic control system needs to be put in place a system which automatically notes out drivers that are a danger to society.Radars have to be put in place, not only on signals, but also on roads, to catch drivers driving above speed limits. Any driver caught 3 times on radar should have his license revoked for a temporary period. Drivers who are often a cause of accidents should be blacklisted and monitored. These are some ways accidents can be reduced. Wearing a seat whack while driving, concentrating totally on driving and nothing else, and following all driving regulations will ensure our safety. In any case of an accident, police and medical government have to be prepared also.We can ensure this by following few of these ideas 1. instruction police and medical staff in first aid and discussion traffic injuries. 2. Equipping ambulances with state-of-the-art equipment. 3. up(p) hospital emergency rooms and facilities 4. Training medical staff to handle injuries at a crash site as well as in hospitals 5. improving coordination between police, emergency response teams and medical services Movement of heavy duty vehicles should be restricted on the roads to minimize traffic accidents. The traffic police have advanced the morning thrill hours by half an hour to start from 6am, instead of 6. 0am now. The morning peak hours would be from 6am to 8am, and in the afternoon from 12. 30pm to 2pm, same as now. During the peak hours, movement of heavy-duty vehicles and machinery will be banned from city roads. (Marafia, 2004) This will come as a gain ground to office-going public and schoolchildren. REFERENCES Al Binali, D. H. (2004). Roads take higher toll than cancer Minister. The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 02, 2006, from http//www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=local_news&038month=june2004&038file=local_news2004062023618. xml Jacobs, G. D. (1986, Jul 14).Road accident fatality rates. Retrieved Dec 24, 2005, from http//www. transport-links. org/transport_links/filearea/publications/1_603_ PA1164_1986. pdf Al Musleh, D. A. (2005). Road traffic accidents, second killer after cardiovascular disease. Retrieved Dec. 26, 2005, from http//www. hmc. org. qa/enews. asp? id=216 Pandit, M. (2004). Lankan accident victim gets QR562,000 in damages . The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 06, 2006, from http//www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_ news. asp? section=local_news&038month=july2004&038file=local_news20040712325 29. xml Bener, A. &038 Crundall, D. (2005, Apr 15).Road traffi c accidents in the UAE compared to western countries. Advances in Transportation Studies, Retrieved Jan 20, 2006, from http//www. psychology. nottingham. ac. uk/staff/dec/references/Bener (2005)%20-%20Advances%20in%20TranStudies. pdf Insurance firms shut down branches at QTIC premises. (2005). The Peninsula. Retrieved Dec 16, 2005, from http//www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=local_news&038month=september2005&038file=local_news2005090421520. xml Al Malki, C. M. (2005). to a greater extent radars to detect traffic violations. The Peninsula. Retrieved Dec 18, 2005, from http//www. hepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=local_news&038month=march2005&038file=local_news2005031525951. xml Bibbo, B. (2005). Qatar includes jail terms in amendments to traffic law. Gulf intelligence operation. Retrieved Jan 08, 2006, from http//archive. gulfnews. com/articles/05/09/20/182668. html Hall, T. (2006). How not to drive yourself mad. The Weekend, p. 61. Al Dosri, B. (2005). New traffic rules come into force. The Peninsula. Retrieved Jan 23, 2006, from http//www. thepeninsulaqatar. com/Display_news. asp? section=Local_News&038subsection=Qatar+News&038month=October2005&038file=Local_News2005102633414. xml picpicpic